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# Open-hardware for electrostatic discharge testing (O-ESD) # Open-hardware for electrostatic discharge testing (O-ESD)
O-ESD is open-hardware project for (pre-compliance) [ESD immunity testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC_61000-4-2) in accordance with [IEC/EN 61000&#8209;4&#8209;2](https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/68954) standard. It is a stand-alone battery-powered portable device that can produce low-energy voltage pulses in the range from –15&nbsp;kV to 15&nbsp;kV. All electronic devices must be immune to a certain level of ESD, as ESD happens every day between humans and electronic devices.<br> O-ESD is open-hardware project for (pre-compliance) [ESD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_discharge) [immunity testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC_61000-4-2) in accordance with [IEC/EN 61000&#8209;4&#8209;2](https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/68954) standard. It is a stand-alone battery-powered portable device that can produce low-energy voltage pulses in the range from –15&nbsp;kV to 15&nbsp;kV. All electronic devices must be immune to a certain level of ESD, as ESD happens every day between humans and electronic devices.<br>
![Prototype](img_O-ESD_prototype_top_view.png)<br> ![Prototype](img_O-ESD_prototype_top_view.png)<br>
<br>O-ESD is released under [CERN Open Hardware License Version 2 – Strongly Reciprocal](https://o-esd.etf.bg.ac.rs/IMG/cern_ohl_s_v2.txt).<br> <br>O-ESD is released under [CERN Open Hardware License Version 2 – Strongly Reciprocal](https://o-esd.etf.bg.ac.rs/IMG/cern_ohl_s_v2.txt).<br>
The current release is [version 1.0](https://o-esd.etf.bg.ac.rs/forgejo/dragan.olcan/O-ESD/src/branch/main/v1.0).<br> The current release is [version 1.0](https://o-esd.etf.bg.ac.rs/forgejo/dragan.olcan/O-ESD/src/branch/main/v1.0).<br>
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The shaper is a separate PCB connected to the motherboard (with 4-wire cable) and the cascade (with 2-wire cable with XT60 connector). The main purpose of the shaper is to generate pulse according to IEC/EN 61000&#8209;4&#8209;2.<br> The shaper is a separate PCB connected to the motherboard (with 4-wire cable) and the cascade (with 2-wire cable with XT60 connector). The main purpose of the shaper is to generate pulse according to IEC/EN 61000&#8209;4&#8209;2.<br>
![Shaper_assembly](img_shaper_assembly.png)<br> ![Shaper_assembly](img_shaper_assembly.png)<br>
In order to prevent losses from the corona effect, all conductive surfaces on the assembled shaper (except the flat-cable connector) can be coated with corona-protective insulating material.<br> In order to prevent losses from the corona effect, all conductive surfaces on the assembled shaper (except the flat-cable connector) can be coated with corona-protective insulating material.<br>
<br>Sharp and round tips according to the standard including 4mm connectors should be custom made.<br> <br>Sharp and round tips according to the standard including 4&nbsp;mm connectors should be custom made.<br>
![Tips](img_tips.png)<br> ![Tips](img_tips.png)<br>
### Claws and strap ### Claws and strap