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# Open-hardware for electrostatic discharge testing (O-ESD)
O-ESD is open-hardware project for (pre-compliance) [ESD immunity testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC_61000-4-2) in accordance with [IEC/EN 61000-4-2](https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/68954) standard. It is a stand-alone battery-powered portable device that can produce low-energy voltage pulses in the range from –15kV to 15kV. All electronic devices must be immune to a certain level of ESD, as ESD happens everyday between humans and electronic devices.
![Prototype](img_O-ESD_prototype_top_view.png)<br>
O-ESD is released under [CERN Open Hardware License Version 2 – Strongly Reciprocal](https://o-esd.etf.bg.ac.rs/IMG/cern_ohl_s_v2.txt).<br>
The current release is [version 1.0](https://o-esd.etf.bg.ac.rs/forgejo/dragan.olcan/O-ESD/src/branch/main/v1.0).<br>
Electrostatic discharge can irreparably damage electronic devices. Use O-ESD with caution!<br>
<br>O-ESD is released under [CERN Open Hardware License Version 2 – Strongly Reciprocal](https://o-esd.etf.bg.ac.rs/IMG/cern_ohl_s_v2.txt).<br>
<br>The current release is [version 1.0](https://o-esd.etf.bg.ac.rs/forgejo/dragan.olcan/O-ESD/src/branch/main/v1.0).<br>
<br>Electrostatic discharge can irreparably damage electronic devices. Use O-ESD with caution!<br>
## Features
* Contact discharge mode and air discharge mode.
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* ESD pulse in accordance with IEC/EN 61000-4-2.
* ESD pulse energy up to 17mJ.
* Powered by two 18650 3.7V Li-Ion rechargeable batteries.
* 15 hours of continuous operation (using fully charged 3200 mAh batteries).
* 15 hours of continuous operation (using fully charged 3200mAh batteries).
## Quick-Start Guide
The O-ESD is powered up (or down) using the toggle switch located on the grip. The O-ESD user interface consists of: toggle switch (ON/OFF), fire button, USB battery chargers (optional), LCD, down button, up button, multi-purpose knob located on the left side of the LCD.<br>
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The default mode is the contact discharge. The sharp conductive tip (electrode) is used for contact discharge and should be placed in the red socket at O-ESD output. For air discharge the rounded conductive tip (electrode) is used and it should be placed in the black socket. O-ESD is intended for use with only one conductive tip (electrode) inserted at a time and with the appropriate mode of operation selected.<br>
Screen (menu) has four items.<br>
(1) The first (top) item on LCD is the battery status. It displays the minimum of relative voltages of the two batteries. If the voltage of a battery drops below 3.5 V, the battery status displays that recharge is needed. Note that O-ESD will work even with very low battery voltage that may irreparably damage the batteries. Battery status has a submenu that presents extended information about each battery.<br>
![Battery_extended](img_bat_ex.png)
![Battery_extended](img_bat_ex.png)<br>
(2) The second item is the operation mode. It can be either contact or air as selected by the used.<br><br>
(3) The third item is the ESD voltage level. The ESD voltage can be in the range from –12kV to 12kV in the case of contact discharge, or in the range from –15kV to 15kV in the case of air discharge. Note that the sign of the charge (polarity) is defined by the position of the cascade, i.e., it should be placed in the correct position in order that given polarity can be produced at the output.<br><br>
(4) The forth item (at the bottom of LCD) is
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*to accumulate energy while the switching transistor is in the on state and release that energy to the high-voltage cascade when the switching transistor goes to the off state;
*to provide step-up voltage transformation from the low-voltage input to the high-voltage cascade and
*to provide galvanic insulation between the low-voltage input and the high-voltage cascade.
<br>Windings<br>
<br>Windings:<br>
(1) The primary and the secondary are to be wound on the coil former.<br>
(2) The total number of turns for the primary winding is 4.<br>
(3) The total number of turns for the secondary winding is 1860, i.e., about 155 per layer, 12 layer in total.<br>